Yakawanda sei huturu hweOmicron hwakaderera? Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvepasirese zvinoburitsa

"Hutachiona hweOmicron huri pedyo neiyo yemwaka wefuruwenza" uye "Omicron yakanyanya kuderera pathogenic pane Delta". …… Munguva ichangopfuura, nhau zhinji pamusoro pehutachiona hwekorona itsva mutant strain Omicron yanga ichipararira painternet.

Chokwadi, kubva pakabuda Omicron mutant strain muna Mbudzi 2021 uye kuwanda kwayo kwepasirese, tsvakiridzo uye nhaurirano pamusoro pehutachiona uye kutapurirana zvakaramba zvichienderera mberi. Ndeipi ikozvino virulence mbiri yeOmicron? Tsvakurudzo inotii nezvazvo?

Zvidzidzo zvemurabhoritari zvakasiyana: Omicron haina hutachiona
Muchokwadi, kutanga kwaNdira 2022, chidzidzo kubva kuYunivhesiti yeHong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty yeMishonga yakawana kuti Omicron (B.1.1.529) inogona kunge isingaite pathogenic kana ichienzaniswa neyekutanga strain uye mamwe matunha emutant.
Zvakaonekwa kuti Omicron mutant strain yanga isingashande mukushandisa transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), ukuwo TMPRSS2 yaigona kufambisa hutachiona hwemaseru anotambira nekutsemura spike protein yekoronavirus itsva. Panguva imwecheteyo, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kudzokorora kweOmicron kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya mumasero evanhu Calu3 uye Caco2.

Image source internet

Mune k18-hACE2 mbeva modhi, Omicron kudzokororwa kwakaderedzwa mune ese epamusoro uye epasi ekufema maturakiti emakonzo zvichienzaniswa neyekutanga dhiri uye Delta mutant, uye pulmonary pathology yanga isinganyanyi kuomarara, nepo hutachiona hweOmicron hwakakonzera huremu hushoma uye kufa kupfuura. rudzi rwekutanga uye Alpha, Beta uye Delta mutants.
Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vakagumisa kuti Omicron kudzokorora uye pathogenicity yakaderedzwa mumakonzo.

Image source internet

Musi wa16 Chivabvu 2022, Nature yakaburitsa bepa rakanyorwa naYoshihiro Kawaoka, nyanzvi yezvehutachiona kubva kuYunivhesiti yeTokyo uye University of Wisconsin, achisimbisa kekutanga mumuenzaniso wemhuka kuti Omicron BA.2 zvechokwadi haina hutachiwana kupfuura hwaro hwepakutanga. .

Vatsvakurudzi vakasarudza mavhairasi eBA.2 ari ega muJapan kuti atapure k18-hACE2 mbeva nema hamsters uye vakaona kuti, mushure mekutapukirwa nedosi imwechete yehutachiona, zvose BA.2 neBA.1 mbeva dzine utachiona dzaive dzakaderera zvakanyanya hutachiona hwehutachi mumapapu. uye mhino kupfuura yepakutanga New Crown strain utachiona (p <0.0001).

Iyi goridhe mwero mhedzisiro inosimbisa kuti Omicron zvechokwadi haina hutachiona pane yekutanga mhando yemusango. Kusiyana neizvi, kwakanga kusina kusiyana kwakasiyana muhutachiona hwehutachiona mumapapu nemhino dzemhando dzemhuka dzinotevera BA.2 uye BA.1 zvirwere.

Image source internet

PCR viral load assays yakaratidza kuti zvose BA.2 uye BA.1 mbeva dzine utachiona dzaive nehutachiona hushoma mumapapu nemhino kupfuura yepakutanga yeNew Crown strain, kunyanya mumapapu (p <0.0001).

Zvakafanana nemigumisiro yemakonzo, hutachiona hwehutachiwana hwakaonekwa mumhino nemapapu eBA.2 uye BA.1 hamster ine utachiona yakanga yakaderera kudarika dambudziko rekutanga mushure me 'inoculation' ine chirwere chimwechete chehutachiona, kunyanya mumapapu, uye zvishoma. yakaderera mumhino yeBA.2 hamster ine utachiona kupfuura BA.1 - chaizvoizvo, hafu yeBA.2 hamster ine utachiona haina kukura hutachiona hwemapapu.

Zvakazoonekwa zvakare kuti mhando dzepakutanga, BA.2 neBA.1, dzakanga dzisina kuyambuka-neutralisation yesera inotevera utachiona - inopindirana neyakaonekwa muvanhu vepanyika chaiyo pavakatapukirwa nekorona itsva yakasiyana-siyana.

Image source internet

Chaiyo-yenyika data: Omicron kashoma kukonzera chirwere chakakomba

Zvakati wandei zvezvidzidzo zviri pamusoro zvakatsanangura kuderedzwa kwehutachiona hweOmicron mumhando dzemhuka dzerabhoritari, asi ndizvo zvakafanana munyika chaiyo?

Musi wa7 Chikumi 2022, WHO yakaburitsa mushumo unoongorora musiyano wekuomarara kwevanhu vakatapukirwa panguva yeOmicron (B.1.1.529) denda zvichienzaniswa nedenda reDelta.

Chirevo ichi chaisanganisira 16,749 itsva coronary inpatients kubva kumapurovhinzi ese eSouth Africa, kusanganisira 16,749 kubva kuDelta denda (2021/8/2 kusvika 2021/10/3) uye 17,693 kubva kuOmicron denda (2021/11/15 kusvika 2022/2/2/2/2020). 16). Varwere vakaiswawo sevakaomarara, vakakomba uye vasina kukomba.

Yakakosha: wagamuchira invasive ventilation, kana oxygen uye high-flow transnasal oxygen, kana extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), kana kubvumirwa kuICU panguva yekurapwa.
-yakaoma (yakaoma): yakagamuchira okisijeni panguva yekuiswa muchipatara
-isina-yakaoma: kana pasina imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu ari pamusoro asangana, murwere haana kuoma.

Iyo data yakaratidza kuti muboka reDelta, 49.2% yaive yakakomba, 7.7% yainetsa uye 28% yevose vari muchipatara varwere vane hutachiona hweDelta vakafa, nepo muboka reOmicron, 28.1% yaive yakakomba, 3.7% yainetsa uye 15% yevose vari muchipatara. Varwere vane utachiona hweOmicron vakafa. Zvakare, kureba kwepakati pekugara kwaive mazuva manomwe muboka reDelta zvichienzaniswa nemazuva matanhatu muboka reOmicron.

Mukuwedzera, mushumo wacho wakaongorora zvinhu zvinokurudzira zvezera, zvepabonde, mamiriro ekudzivirira uye comorbidities uye akagumisa kuti Omicron (B.1.1.529) yakabatanidzwa nekuderera kwehutano hwakakomba uye hwakakomba (95% CI: 0.41 kusvika 0.46; p. <0.001) uye njodzi yakaderera yekufa muchipatara (95% CI: 0.59 kusvika 0.65 p <0.001).

Image source internet

Kune akasiyana ma subtypes eOmicron, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaongorora hutachiona hwavo zvakadzama.

Chidzidzo cheboka kubva kuNew England chakaongorora 20770 zviitiko zveDelta, 52605 zviitiko zveOmicron B.1.1.529 uye 29840 zviitiko zveOmicron BA.2, uye vakawana kuti chikamu chevakafa chaiva 0.7% yeDelta, 0.4% yeB.1.1. 529 uye 0.3% yeBA.2. Mushure mekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinokanganisa, chidzidzo chacho chakagumisa kuti njodzi yekufa yakanga yakanyanya kuderera kune BA.2 kana ichienzaniswa neDelta uye B.1.1.529.

Image source internet

Imwe ongororo kubva kuSouth Africa yakaongorora njodzi yekuiswa muchipatara uye njodzi yemhedzisiro yakaoma yeDelta, BA.1, BA.2 uye BA.4 / BA.5. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti pavarwere 98,710 vachangobatwa nechirwere ichi vakasanganisirwa muongororo iyi, 3825 (3.9%) vakapinzwa muchipatara, avo 1276 (33.4%) vakaita chirwere chakakomba.

Pakati peavo vanotapukirwa nekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana, 57.7% yevarwere vane utachiona hweDelta vakagadzira chirwere chakakomba (97/168), zvichienzaniswa ne33.7% yeBA.1-infected varwere (990/2940), 26.2% yeBA.2 (167/ 637) uye 27.5% yeBA.4/BA.5 (22/80). Multivariate analysis yakaratidza kuti mukana wekuita chirwere chakakomba pakati peavo vane utachiona Delta> BA.1> BA.2, nepo mukana wekuita chirwere chakakomba pakati pevaya vane utachiona BA.4 / BA.5 yakanga isiri yakasiyana zvikuru neBA. 2.
Kudzikira virulence, asi kungwarira kunodiwa

Zvidzidzo zvemurabhoritari uye data chaiyo kubva kunyika dzakati wandei zvakaratidza kuti Omicron nediki dzayo hadzina hutsinye uye hadzina mukana wekukonzeresa hosha yakakomba pane yekutanga dhizaini uye mamwe marudzi emutant.

Zvakadaro, chinyorwa chewongororo chiri mumagazini yaNdira 2022 yeThe Lancet, chakanzi 'Milder but not nyoro', chakataura kuti kunyangwe hutachiona hweOmicron hwaitora chikamu che21% chevakapinzwa muchipatara muvanhu vechidiki vekuSouth Africa, huwandu hwezvirwere zvinokonzeresa chirwere chakanyanya. kuwedzera muhuwandu hwevanhu vane huwandu hwakasiyana hwehutachiona uye huwandu hwakasiyana hwekudzivirira. (Zvisinei, muhuwandu hwevadiki vekuSouth Africa, 21% yevarwere vakaiswa muchipatara vakatapukirwa neSARS-CoV-2 omicron variant vaive nechirwere chekiriniki chakakomba, chikamu chinogona kuwedzera nekukonzera kukanganisa kukuru panguva yekubuda kwevanhu vane huwandu hwakasiyana uye hushoma. mazinga ehutachiona-anobva kana vaccine-inotorwa kusadzivirirwa.)

Pakupera kwemushumo weWHO wambotaurwa, boka racho rakacherechedza kuti pasinei nekuderedzwa kwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwekare, inenge chikamu chetatu chevarwere vechipatara Omicron (B.1.1.529) vakagadzira chirwere chakakomba, uye kuti mhirizhonga itsva yakasiyana-siyana yakaramba ichienderera mberi. kukonzera hurwere hwepamusoro uye kufa kwevanhu vakwegura, vasina kudzivirirwa kana kuti vasina nhomba. (Tinodawo kunyevera kuti ongororo yedu haifanirwe kuonekwa seinotsigira rondedzero 'yakapfava'. Chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevarwere veOmicron vaiva muchipatara vakaita chirwere chakaipisisa uye 15% vakafa; nhamba dzisiri shoma……Pakati pevanhu vanotambura , kureva varwere vari pazera rakanyanyisa, muhuwandu hwevanhu vane mitoro yakakura, muvarwere vasina simba uye pakati pevasina kubayiwa, COVID-19 (ose VOCs) inoenderera mberi. kubatsira mukurwara kwakakura uye kufa.)

Yakapfuura data kubva kuOmicron payakakonzeresa fungu rechishanu redenda muHong Kong rakaratidza kuti kubva muna Chivabvu 4 2022, pakanga paine vanhu mazana mapfumbamwe negumi neshanu vakafa kubva muna 1192765 vachangobva kugadzwa korona panguva yechishanu wave (huwandu hwekufa husina kuchena hwe0.76%) uye hutsinye. mwero wekufa kwe2.70% kune vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu ezera (vanenge 19.30% yezera iri boka vakanga vasina kubaiwa).

Kusiyana neizvi, 2% chete yeNew Zealanders pamusoro pemakore makumi matanhatu ezera havana kubaiwa, izvo zvine hukama zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwekufa husina kuchena hwe0.07% yedenda idzva rekorona.

Nekune rimwe divi, kunyangwe zvichiwanzo kupokana kuti Newcastle inogona kuve yemwaka, endemic chirwere mune ramangwana, kune nyanzvi dzedzidzo dzinotora maonero akasiyana.

Masayendisiti matatu kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOxford neEuropean Union Joint Research Center vanotenda kuti kuomarara kwakaderera kweOmicron kungangove kwakangoitika, uye kuti kuenderera mberi nekukurumidza antigenic evolution (antigenic evolution) inogona kuunza misiyano mitsva.

Kusiyana nekupukunyuka kwekudzivirira uye kutapurirana, izvo zviri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakasimba kwekushanduka-shanduka, hutachiona hunowanzo "ne-chigadzirwa" chekushanduka-shanduka. Mavhairasi anoshanduka kuti awedzere kugona kwavo kupararira, uye izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwehutachiona. Semuenzaniso, nekuwedzera huwandu hwehutachiwana hwekufambisa kutapurirana, hunogona kukonzera chirwere chakanyanya.

Kwete izvozvo chete, asi hutachiwana huchakonzerawo kukuvadza kushoma panguva yekupararira kwehutachiona kana zviratidzo zvinounzwa nehutachiona zvikaonekwa zvakanyanya mushure mekutapukirwa - senge nyaya yehutachiona hwefuruwenza, HIV uye hepatitis C, kudoma a. vashoma, vane nguva yakawanda yekupararira vasati vakonzera migumisiro yakakomba.

Image source internet

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvingave zvakaoma kufanotaura maitiro eiyo korona itsva mutant strain kubva kune yakaderera virulence yeOmicron, asi nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti mushonga wekorona mutsva wakaratidza njodzi yakaderedzwa yehurwere hwakanyanya uye rufu kune ese mutant strains, uye kuwedzera zvine hukasha kuwanda kwejekiseni revanhu kunoramba iri nzira yakakosha yekurwisa denda panguva ino.
Kutenda: Chinyorwa ichi chakaongororwa nehunyanzvi naPanpan Zhou, PhD, Tsinghua University Chikoro cheMishonga uye Postdoctoral Fellow, Scripps Research Institute, USA
Omicron self-testing antigen reagent kumba