Kuchetura kweOmicron kwaderera zvakadii? Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvepasi rose zvinoratidza

"Kupararira kweOmicron kwakafanana nekwefuruwenza yemwaka" uye "Omicron haina hutachiona hwakawanda kupfuura Delta". …… Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nhau dzakawanda pamusoro pekupararira kwechirwere chitsva chekorona chinonzi Omicron dzave dzichipararira paindaneti.

Zvechokwadi, kubva pakatanga kubuda kweOmicron mutant strain muna Mbudzi 2021 uye kupararira kwayo pasi rose, tsvakurudzo nekukurukurirana pamusoro pehutachiona nekutapurirana kwacho zvakaramba zvichienderera mberi. Chii chiri kuitika pari zvino cheOmicron? Tsvakurudzo inoti chii nezvazvo?

Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemurabhoritari: Omicron haina hutachiona hwakawanda
Kutaura zvazviri, kubva muna Ndira 2022, chidzidzo chakaitwa neThe University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine chakawana kuti Omicron (B.1.1.529) inogona kunge isina hutachiona hwakawanda kana tichienzanisa nerudzi rwekutanga nedzimwe mhando dzehutachiona dzakachinja.
Zvakaonekwa kuti rudzi rweOmicron mutant rwakanga rusingashande zvakanaka pakushandisa transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), nepo TMPRSS2 yaigona kubatsira kupinda kwehutachiona mumasero emuviri nekubvisa puroteni ye coronavirus itsva. Panguva imwe chete, vaongorori vakaona kuti kudzokororwa kweOmicron kwakadzikira zvakanyanya mumasero emunhu eCalu3 neCaco2.

Indaneti inobva pamifananidzo

Mumuenzaniso wembeva we k18-hACE2, kudzokororwa kweOmicron kwakaderedzwa muzvikamu zvekufema zvepamusoro nepazasi zvembeva zvichienzaniswa nerudzi rwekutanga nerudzi rweDelta mutant, uye chirwere chayo chemapapu chakanga chisina kunyanya kuipa, nepo hutachiona hweOmicron hwakakonzera kurasikirwa nehuremu nerufu zvishoma pane rudzi rwekutanga nerudzi rweAlpha, Beta neDelta mutants.
Saka, vaongorori vakagumisa kuti kupararira kweOmicron uye hutachiona hwakaderera mumakonzo.

Indaneti inobva pamifananidzo

Musi wa16 Chivabvu 2022, Nature yakaburitsa bepa raYoshihiro Kawaoka, nyanzvi yehutachiona inotungamira kubva kuYunivhesiti yeTokyo neYunivhesiti yeWisconsin, ichisimbisa kekutanga mumuenzaniso wemhuka kuti Omicron BA.2 haina hutachiona hwakanyanya kupfuura hwepakutanga.

Vaongorori vakasarudza mavhairasi eBA.2 ari mupenyu akatorwa muJapan kuti atapurire mbeva dze k18-hACE2 ne hamsters uye vakaona kuti, mushure mekutapurirwa nechirwere chimwe chete, mbeva dzese dzine BA.2 neBA.1 dzaive nehutachiona hwakaderera zvakanyanya mumapapu nemumhino kupfuura hutachiona hwepakutanga hweNew Crown strain (p<0.0001).

Mhedzisiro iyi yegoridhe inoratidza kuti Omicron haina hutachiona hwakawanda kupfuura mhando yemusango yekutanga. Kusiyana neizvi, pakanga pasina musiyano wakakura muhuwandu hwehutachiona mumapapu nemhino dzemhuka dzakatevera hutachiona hweBA.2 neBA.1.

Indaneti inobva pamifananidzo

Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwehutachiona hwePCR kwakaratidza kuti mbeva dzose dzine BA.2 neBA.1 dzaive nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwakaderera mumapapu nemumhino kupfuura mhando yepakutanga yeNew Crown, kunyanya mumapapu (p<0.0001).

Zvakafanana nezvakabuda mumakonzo, huwandu hwemavhairasi akaonekwa mumhino nemapapu emhasuru dzine BA.2 neBA.1 hwakanga hwakaderera pane hwepakutanga mushure mekubayiwa nechirwere chakafanana, kunyanya mumapapu, uye hwakaderera zvishoma mumhino dzemhasuru dzine BA.2 pane BA.1 - kutaura chokwadi, hafu yemhasuru dzine BA.2 hadzina hutachiona hwemapapu.

Zvakazoonekwawo kuti mhando dzekutanga, BA.2 neBA.1, dzakanga dzisina kupatsanurwa kwemasera mushure mekutapukirwa - zvinoenderana nezvakaonekwa muvanhu chaivo kana vakatapukirwa nemarudzi akasiyana matsva ekorona.

Indaneti inobva pamifananidzo

Ruzivo rwechokwadi: Omicron haina mukana wekuti iite chirwere chakakomba

Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvakatsanangura kudzikira kwehutachiona hweOmicron mumhando dzemhuka dzemurabhoritari, asi ndizvo zvazviriwo here munyika chaiyo?

Musi wa7 Chikumi 2022, WHO yakaburitsa mushumo unoongorora musiyano wekuoma kwevanhu vakabatwa nechirwere ichi panguva yedenda reOmicron (B.1.1.529) zvichienzaniswa nedenda reDelta.

Mushumo wacho waisanganisira varwere vatsva 16,749 vakarapwa necoronary kubva kumapurovhinzi ese eSouth Africa, kusanganisira 16,749 vakabatwa nechirwere cheDelta (2021/8/2 kusvika 2021/10/3) uye 17,693 vakabatwa nechirwere cheOmicron (2021/11/15 kusvika 2022/2/16). Varwere vakaiswawo muboka revarwere vakakomba, vakakomba uye vasina kurwara zvakanyanya.

zvakakosha: kuva nemhepo inofefetera, kana oxygen ne high-flow transnasal oxygen, kana extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), kana kubvumidzwa kuICU panguva yekurara muchipatara.
-yakanyanya (yakanyanya): yakagamuchira okisijeni panguva yekuiswa muchipatara
-kusanyanya kuoma: kana pasina chimwe chezvinhu zviri pamusoro apa chakazadzikiswa, murwere haasi kunyanya kuoma.

Ruzivo rwakaratidza kuti muboka reDelta, 49.2% vaive vakakomba, 7.7% vaive vakakomba uye 28% yevarwere vese vaive nehutachiona hweDelta muchipatara vakafa, nepo muboka reOmicron, 28.1% vaive vakakomba, 3.7% vaive vakakomba uye 15% yevarwere vese vaive nehutachiona hweOmicron muchipatara vakafa. Zvakare, avhareji yenguva yekugara yaive mazuva manomwe muboka reDelta zvichienzaniswa nemazuva matanhatu muboka reOmicron.

Pamusoro pezvo, mushumo wacho wakaongorora zvinhu zvinopesvedzera zera, murume kana mukadzi, mamiriro ekubaiwa nhomba uye zvimwe zvirwere zvinosangana nazvo uye wakagumisa kuti Omicron (B.1.1.529) yakabatana nedambudziko diki rezvirwere zvakakomba uye zvakakomba (95% CI: 0.41 kusvika 0.46; p<0.001) uye njodzi shoma yekufa muchipatara (95% CI: 0.59 kusvika 0.65; p<0.001).

Indaneti inobva pamifananidzo

Kune marudzi akasiyana eOmicron, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaongororawo hutachiona hwayo zvakadzama.

Ongororo yeboka revanhu vekuNew England yakaongorora nyaya dzeDelta dzinosvika 20770, nyaya dzeOmicron B.1.1.529 dzinosvika 52605 uye nyaya dzeOmicron BA.2 dzinosvika 29840, uye yakawana kuti huwandu hwevakafa hwaive 0.7% kuDelta, 0.4% kuB.1.1.529 uye 0.3% kuBA.2. Mushure mekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinokanganisa, chidzidzo ichi chakagumisa kuti njodzi yekufa yaive yakaderera zvikuru kuBA.2 zvichienzaniswa neDelta neB.1.1.529.

Indaneti inobva pamifananidzo

Imwe ongororo yakabva kuSouth Africa yakaongorora njodzi yekuiswa muchipatara uye njodzi yemigumisiro yakaipa yeDelta, BA.1, BA.2 uye BA.4/BA.5. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti pavarwere vatsva 98,710 vakabatanidzwa muongororo iyi, 3825 (3.9%) vakaiswa muchipatara, uye 1276 (33.4%) vakabatwa nechirwere chakakomba.

Pakati peavo vane hutachiona hwekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana, 57.7% yevarwere vane hutachiona hweDelta vakarwara nechirwere chakakomba (97/168), zvichienzaniswa ne33.7% yevarwere vane hutachiona hweBA.1 (990/2940), 26.2% yeBA.2 (167/637) uye 27.5% yeBA.4/BA.5 (22/80). Ongororo yemultivariate yakaratidza kuti mukana wekuva nechirwere chakakomba pakati peavo vane hutachiona hweDelta > BA.1 > BA.2, nepo mukana wekuva nechirwere chakakomba pakati peavo vane hutachiona hweBA.4/BA.5 wakanga usina kusiyana zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa neBA.2.
Kuderera kwehutachiona, asi kungwarira kunodiwa

Ongororo dzemurabhoritari neruzivo rwechokwadi kubva kunyika dzinoverengeka zvakaratidza kuti Omicron nemarudzi ayo haana hutachiona hwakawanda uye kashoma kukonzera chirwere chakakomba kupfuura mhando yekutanga nedzimwe mhando dzakachinja.

Zvisinei, chinyorwa chekuongorora mumagazini yaNdira 2022 yeThe Lancet, chine musoro unoti 'Milder asi kwete mild', chakaratidza kuti kunyangwe hutachiona hweOmicron hwakaita 21% yevanhu vadiki vekuSouth Africa vachipinda muchipatara, huwandu hwezvirwere zvinokonzera chirwere chakakomba hwaigona kuwedzera muvanhu vane mazinga akasiyana ehutachiona uye mazinga akasiyana ekubaiwa nhomba. (Zvisinei, muvanhu ava vechidiki vekuSouth Africa, 21% yevarwere vari muchipatara vane SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant vaive nechirwere chakakomba, chiyero chinogona kuwedzera uye kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru panguva yezvirwere muvanhu vane mazinga akasiyana ehutachiona uye mazinga akaderera ekudzivirira chirwere chinobva kuhutachiona kana kubva kunhomba.)

Pakupera kwemushumo weWHO wataurwa pamusoro apa, timu iyi yakataura kuti pasinei nekudzikira kwehutachiona hwekare, inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevarwere veOmicron (B.1.1.529) vakarwara zvakanyanya, uye kuti macrown mutants matsva akasiyana-siyana akaramba achikonzera kurwara kwakanyanya uye kufa kwevanhu vakwegura, vane immune system yakaderera kana kuti vasina kubaiwa nhomba. (Tinodawo kunyevera kuti ongororo yedu haifanirwe kuonekwa seinotsigira nyaya 'yakapfava'. Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevarwere veOmicron vakarwara zvakanyanya uye 15% vakafa; nhamba dzisinganyanyi kukosha…Pakati pevanhu vasina dziviriro, kureva varwere vari pazera rakanyanyisa, muvanhu vane mutoro wakawanda wezvirwere, muvarwere vasina simba uye pakati pevanhu vasina kubaiwa nhomba, COVID-19 (maVOC ese) inoramba ichikonzera kurwara zvakanyanya nekufa.)

Ruzivo rwekare kubva kuOmicron parwakatanga denda rechishanu muHong Kong rwakaratidza kuti kubva musi wa4 Chivabvu 2022, paive nevanhu 9115 vakafa kubva pavanhu 1192765 vachangobva kubatwa nechirwere ichi panguva yechishanu (huwandu hwevakafa nechirwere cheganda che0.76%) uye huwandu hwevakafa nechirwere cheganda cheganda che2.70% kuvanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu (vanenge 19.30% vezera iri vakanga vasina kubaiwa majekiseni).

Kusiyana neizvi, 2% chete yevagari vemuNew Zealand vane makore anopfuura 60 ekuberekwa havana kubaiwa nhomba, izvo zvine chekuita zvakanyanya nehuwandu hushoma hwerufu rwe0.07% nekuda kwedenda idzva rekorona.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kunyange zvazvo zvichiwanzotaurwa kuti Newcastle inogona kuva chirwere chemwaka, chinopararira mune ramangwana, kune nyanzvi dzedzidzo dzine maonero akasiyana.

Masayendisiti matatu kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOxford neEuropean Union Joint Research Centre vanotenda kuti kuderera kweOmicron kungave kungoitikawo, uye kuti kuramba uchichinja-chinja nekukurumidza kweantigen (antigenic evolution) kunogona kuunza mhando itsva.

Kusiyana nekubuda kwehutachiona mumuviri uye kutapurirana, izvo zvinosangana nekumanikidzwa kwakasimba kwekushanduka-shanduka, hutachiona hunowanzova 'chibereko' chekushanduka-shanduka. Mavhairasi anoshanduka kuti awedzere kugona kwawo kupararira, uye izvi zvinogonawo kukonzera kuwedzera kwehutachiona. Semuenzaniso, nekuwedzera huwandu hwehutachiona kuti zvive nyore kutapurirana, zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chakakomba.

Kwete izvozvo chete, asi hutachiona hunokonzerawo kukuvara kushoma panguva yekupararira kwehutachiona kana zviratidzo zvinounzwa nehutachiona zvikaonekwa gare gare muhutachiona - sezvakaita mavhairasi efuruwenza, HIV nehepatitis C, kungodudza mashoma, ane nguva yakawanda yekupararira asati akonzera migumisiro yakakomba.

Indaneti inobva pamifananidzo

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvingave zvakaoma kufanotaura mafambiro erudzi rutsva rwecrown mutant kubva pahutachiona hushoma hweOmicron, asi mashoko akanaka ndeekuti mushonga mutsva wecrown waratidza kudzikira kwenjodzi yekurwara zvakanyanya nekufa kune marudzi ese emutant, uye kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwemajekiseni ekudzivirira vanhu kuchiri nzira yakakosha yekurwisa denda iri padanho rino.
Kutenda: Chinyorwa ichi chakaongororwa nehunyanzvi naPanpan Zhou, PhD, Tsinghua University School of Medicine uye Postdoctoral Fellow, Scripps Research Institute, USA
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