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Kana imbwa ikatanga kurutsa nekubuda manyoka kamwe kamwe, kana kuti katsi ikatanga kuneta yorasikirwa nechido chekudya, vanachiremba vemhuka vanowanzokurudzira kuti iongororwe nucleic acid test.
Usafunge zvisirizvo—izvi hazvisi kuyedza mhuka dzinovaraidza kuti dzione kana dziri COVID-19. Asi, zvinosanganisira kutsvaga "genetic ID" yehutachiona kuti uone kana dzakabatwa nehutachiona hwakajairwa senge parvovirus kana coronaviruses.
Ngatitorei semuenzaniso weparvovirus (hutachiona hweDNA) uye coronavirus (hutachiona hweRNA).
Maitiro ese ekuyedza anogona kupatsanurwa kuita nhanho nhatu dze "kutsvaga humbowo", izvo zviri nyore kunzwisisa.
Danho rekutanga nderokutimuunganidzwa wemuenzaniso, uko chinhu chikuru chiri chekuona "nzvimbo yekuhwanda" yehutachiona. MaParvovirus anowanzo ungana muura, sakamienzaniso yetsvina kana kurutsazvinokosheswa; coronavirus inogona kuvanda muhuro, sakamachira epahuroanowanzo shandiswa. Izvi zvakafanana nekuongororwa ropa kana uchityaira wakadhakwa. Kana pakatorwa bvunzo panzvimbo isiriyo—sekushandisa ropa kuona parvovirus muura—zvingangoitika kuti hazvionekwe.
Mushure mekuunganidzwa kwemuenzaniso,kuburitswa kwe nucleic acidzvinotevera, nechinangwa chekuparadzanisa viral nucleic acid kubva musampuli dzakaoma. Rangarirai kuti sampuli dzetsvina kana dzepahuro dzine tsvina dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sezvimedu zvechikafu nemarara emasero. Marabhoritari anoshandisa ma reagents akasarudzika kuti ashande se "mafirita," achibvisa tsvina iyi uye achisiya viral nucleic acid chete.
Zvisinei, kuneMavhairasi eRNAse coronavirus, imwe "kunyorwa kwechinyorwa nekudzoka shure"danho rinodiwa." Izvi zvinoshandura RNA isina kugadzikana kuita DNA inoonekwa zviri nyore, zvichiigadzirira matanho anotevera.
Danho rekupedzisira nderekutiKuwedzera kwePCR, izvo zvinosanganisira kugadzira mamiriyoni emakopi e "genetic ID" yehutachiona kuitira kuti mudziyo ugone kuiona zvakajeka. Marabhoritari anoshandisa tekinoroji yequantitative PCR (qPCR), vachigadzira "primer probes" dzakanangana nehutachiona hwakati—sengeVP2 jinimuhutachiona hweparvo kanaJini reSmuzvirwere zve coronavirus. Ma probe aya anoshanda semagineti, achinyatsobatana ne nucleic acid uye achikurumidza kuikopa. Kunyangwe kana sampuro pakutanga iine makopi zana ehutachiona chete, kuwedzera kwesimba kunogona kuwedzera kusvika padanho rinoonekwa.
Chishandiso chinozosarudza mhedzisiro zvichibva pazviratidzo zve fluorescent: chiedza chinoratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka, nepo pasina chiedza chinoratidza mhedzisiro yakaipa. Maitiro ese anotora maminetsi angangoita makumi mana kusvika makumi matanhatu.
Zvisinei, varidzi vezvipfuyo vanogona kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu asinganzwisisike: shamwari dzavo dzine mvere dzinoratidza zviratidzo zvakajeka zvakaita sekurutsa kana manyoka, asi dzinoonekwa dzisina nucleic acid; kana kuti, dzinoonekwa dzakachengeteka asi dzinoita sedzine simba uye hadziratidze zviratidzo zvekurwara. Chii chiri kuitika chaizvo? "Manyepo" akadaro akajairika, anonyanya kubva pazvikonzero zvakawanda.
Kutanga, ngatikurukurei nyaya apo vanhu vanoratidza zviratidzo asi zvikaonekwa kuti havana.Kazhinji, izvi zvinoitika nekuti hutachiona huri kutamba "kuvanda-uye-kutsvaga."
Imwe nyaya ndeyekuti hutachiona husati hwasvika padanho rinoonekwa munharaunda. Semuenzaniso, mumazuva matatu kusvika mashanu ekutanga mushure mehutachiona hweparvovirus, hutachiona hunowanzo berekana mukati memasero elymphoid. Huwandu hwehutachiona mutsvina hunoramba huri pasi pehuwandu hwemakopi zana pakuita kwechirwere, zvichiita kuti husaonekwe kunyangwe nePCR tests. Zvakafanana nembavha inopinda mumba isati yapara mhosva - makamera ekuchengetedza haakwanise kutora chero zviratidzo parizvino.
Imwe nyaya inowanzo taurwa ndeyekutevedzera sampuli.Kana tsanga dzetsvina dziri diki zvakanyanya, machira epahuro akatadza kusvika pamuromo wemucosal, kana kuti tsanga dzikasiyiwa patembiricha yemukamuri kwemaawa zvichikonzera kuora kwe nucleic acid, bvunzo dzinoshaya basa. Nhamba dzemurabhoritari dzinoratidza kuti kutora tsanga dzisina kunaka kunogona kukonzera anopfuura 30% yezvakaipa zvenhema.
Uyezve, zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kunge zvisiri kukonzerwa neparvovirus kana coronavirus zvachose.Kurutsa uye manyoka zvinoitwa nemhuka dzinovaraidza zvinogona kukonzerwa nechirwere chebhakitiriya chinonzi enteritis kana hutachiona hwezvipembenene, nepo fivha nekukosora zvinogona kuratidza mycoplasma pneumonia. Sezvo nucleic acid test kits dzakagadzirirwa mavhairasi chaiwo, hadzigone "kuongorora" zvimwe zvinokonzera.
Uyezve,kuchinja kwemavhairasi kunogona kuita kuti bvunzo dzisashande.Semuenzaniso, shanduko mujeni re coronavirus S dzinogona kudzivirira ma probes kuti asaonekwe. Imwe rabhoritari yakawana kuti 5.3% yemhando dzakasiyana dzakaburitsa manyepo asina kunaka, mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kutevedzana kwemajini ese kuti zvisimbiswe.
Kana mhuka dzinovaraidza dzisina zviratidzo dzichionekwa kuti dzine chirwere ichi, izvi zvinowanzoratidza kuti hutachiona hwacho "hwakarara."Dzimwe mhuka dzinovaraidza "dzinotakura mavhairasi."Mavhairasi akaita semavhairasi emhuka ine utachiona hweherpes kana imbwa ine coronavirus anogona kugara kwenguva refu mumhuka dzine chirwere ichi. Chero bedzi masoja emuviri emhuka yacho achiri neutano hwakanaka, haazoratidzi zviratidzo asi acharamba achiburitsa hutachiona—sekunge vamwe vanhu vane hutachiona hwehepatitis B vasina kumbobvira vabatwa nechirwere ichi.
Imwe nyaya inosanganisira kukanganiswa kwemhedzisiro yebvunzo nejekiseni.Mukati memazuva manomwe kusvika gumi mushure mekugamuchira mushonga unorapwa, hutachiona hwemushonga hunogona kudonhedzwa mutsvina. Kuongororwa panguva iyi kunogona kubudisa fungidziro yenhema. Nokudaro, vanachiremba vemhuka vanowanzo kurudzira kuti vasayedzerwe nucleic acid mukati memavhiki maviri ekubaiwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, marabhoritari dzimwe nguva anosangana ne "zviitiko zvekusvibiswa." Kana maaerosol kubva mumuenzaniso wekare wakanaka akapinda mumuenzaniso mutsva, zvinogona kukonzera kuti mudziyo wacho uzviratidze zvisiri izvo kuti "wakanaka." Zvisinei, marabhoritari ane mukurumbira anoshandisa "zvishandiso zvekuchenesa" uye maswabhu akasarudzika kuderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa uku, zvichipa vabereki rugare rukuru rwepfungwa pavanosarudza nzvimbo dzekuyedza dzakabvumidzwa.
Kana zvabuda muongororo zvikasaenderana nezviratidzo zvekiriniki, hapana chikonzero chekuvhunduka. Vanachiremba vemhuka vanowanzo kurudzira matanho anotevera kuti vasimbise zvimwe.
Chekutanga,bvunzo zvakare mushure menguva yakatikuti vaone "chikamu chekubuda kwehutachiona zvakanyanya." Kana hutachiona hweparvovirus kana coronavirus huchifungidzirwa zvakanyanya, kuongororwazve kwemaawa 24-48 gare gare kunokurudzirwa, sezvo huwandu hwehutachiona hunogona kunge hwasvika pamuganho wekuonekwa panguva iyoyo. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti imbwa dzakaonekwa dzisina chirwere pakutanga kwekurwara dzaive ne82% positive rate padzakaongororwazve mushure memaawa 48.
Chepiri,batanidza nzira dzakawanda dzekuyedza nekuongorora zviratidzokuti zviongororwe zvizere. Kuongororwa kweNucleic acid kunoona "hutachiona huripo," ukuwo kuongororwa kweantibody kunoona "hutachiona hwekare." Kubatanidza izvi nezviratidzo zvakaita sekupisa kwemuviri uye huwandu hweropa kunopa mufananidzo wakakwana. Semuenzaniso, imbwa inorutsa ine bvunzo ye nucleic acid isina kunaka asi ma antibodies akanaka anogona kunge ari muchikamu chekupora, nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwatoderedzwa kusvika padanho risingaonekwe.
Chekupedzisira, kusarudza nzira yakakodzera yekuyedza kwakakosha, sezvo bvunzo dzeantigen uye bvunzo dzePCR zvichisiyana zvakanyanya.
Kuongororwa kweAntigen kune kushoma kwekunzwa—semuenzaniso, kuona parvovirus kunoda zvidimbu zve10⁵ zvehutachiona kuti zviburitse mhedzisiro yakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kuongororwa kwePCR kunogona kuona makopi ehutachiona anosvika zana, zvichipa kunzwisa kwakanyanya. Saka, kana chipfuwo chikaratidza zviratidzo zvakajeka asi chikaonekwa chisina kunaka pakuongororwa kweantigen, zvakakosha kuudza chiremba wemhuka kuti aende kuongororo yePCR kuti adzivise kuongororwa kwakarasika.
Kuedza kune miganhu; kutonga kwesainzi kwakakosha zvikuru.
Muchokwadi, kuyedzwa kwe nucleic acid hakusi "chinhu chinoshamisa." Zvinoda kutora sampuli dzakakodzera, kuyedzwa nenguva, uye hutachiona kuti "hushande pamwe chete" nekusachinja-chinja.
Kana zvabuda muongororo zvikapesana nezviratidzo, varidzi vezvipfuyo havafanirwe kutya. Regai vanachiremba vezvipfuyo vape mutongo wakazara zvichibva panhoroondo yekurapa kwemhuka yacho, zvinyorwa zvejekiseni, uye zvabuda muongororo yekutevera. Nzira iyi inoita kuti pave nekuongororwa kwakanyatsojeka uye kurapwa kweshamwari dzedu dzine mvere, zvichivabatsira kupora nekukurumidza.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-06-2025
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