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Nguva pfupi yadarika, National Health Commission yakaita musangano wevatori venhau pamusoro pekudzivirira uye kutonga kwezvirwere zvekufema munguva yechando, kuunza kupararira kwezvirwere zvekufema uye nzira dzekudzivirira munguva yechando muChina, uye kupindura mibvunzo kubva kune vezvenhau. Pamusangano uyu, nyanzvi dzakataura kuti pari zvino, China yapinda mumwaka wekuwanda kwezvirwere zvekufema, uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufema zvakapindirana uye zviri pamusoro, zvichiisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu. Zvirwere zvekufema zvinoreva kuzvimba kwemuchuchusi weiyo turakiti rekufema kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwepathogen kana zvimwe zvinhu, kunyanya zvinosanganisira repamusoro rekufema turakiti utachiona, mabayo, bronchitis, asima zvichingodaro. Zvinoenderana nedata rekutarisisa reNational Health and Health Commission, hutachiona hwezvirwere zvekufema muChina hunonyanya kutungamirwa nehutachiona hwefuruwenza, mukuwedzera mukuparadzirwa kwemamwe hutachiona mumapoka akasiyana emazera, semuenzaniso, kune zvakare marhinoviruses anokonzera kutonhora. muvana vane makore 1-4; muhuwandu hwevanhu vane makore 5-14, zvirwere zveMycoplasma uye adenoviruses zvinokonzera kutonhora zvine a Muzera remakore 5-14, zvirwere zveMycoplasma uye adenoviruses zvinokonzeresa nhoroondo yechando kune imwe chikamu chevanhu; muboka rezera re15-59, rhinoviruses uye neocoronaviruses zvinogona kuonekwa; uye muboka rezera re60+, kune zvikamu zvakakura zveparapneumovirus yemunhu uye coronavirus yakajairika.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae i microorganism iri pakati pemabhakitiriya nemavhairasi; haina sero wall asi ine cell membrane, uye inogona kubereka yakazvimiririra kana kupinda neparasitize mukati memasero anotambira. Iyo genome yeMycoplasma pneumoniae idiki, ine magene anosvika chiuru chete. Mycoplasma pneumoniae inonyanya kushanduka uye inogona kuenderana nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana uye mauto kuburikidza nekugadzirisa genetic kana kuchinja. Mycoplasma pneumoniae inonyanya kudzorwa nekushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa macrolide, yakadai seazithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, etc. Kune varwere vanorwisana nemishonga iyi, tetracyclines itsva kana quinolones inogona kushandiswa.
Mavhairasi efuruwenza ari positive-strand RNA mavhairasi, anouya mumhando nhatu, mhando A, mhando B uye mhando C. Influenza A mavhairasi ane yakakwirira dhigirii mutability uye anogona kutungamirira furuwenza zvirwere. Iyo genome yehutachiona hwefuruwenza ine zvikamu zvisere, chimwe nechimwe chine encodes imwe kana kupfuura mapuroteni. Mavhairasi efuruwenza anochinja nenzira huru mbiri, imwe inonzi antigenic drift, apo kuchinja kunoitika mumavhairasi majini, zvichiita kuti antigenic ishanduke muhemagglutinin (HA) uye neuraminidase (NA) pamusoro peutachiona; imwe yacho inonzi antigenic rearrangement, umo utachiona panguva imwe chete yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemavhairasi efuruwenza musero rimwe chete rinotungamirira mukubatanidzwazve kwezvikamu zvemajini ehutachiona, zvichiita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwezvikamu zvitsva. Mavhairasi efuruwenza anonyanya kutarisirwa nekushandiswa kweneuraminidase inhibitors, se oseltamivir uye zanamivir, uye muvarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya, zviratidzo zvinotsigira kurapa uye kurapwa kwematambudziko zvinodiwawo.
Neocoronavirus hutachiona hweRNA hune tambo imwe chete hune tambo yeRNA yemhuri yeCoronaviridae, ine mhuri ina, dzinoti α, β, γ, uye δ. Mhuri diki α uye β dzinonyanya kutapurira mhuka dzinoyamwisa, nepo midzi γ ne δ ichinyanya kutapurira shiri. Iyo genome yeneocoronavirus ine yakareba yakavhurika furemu yekuverenga encoding 16 isiri-yakarongeka uye mana akarongeka mapuroteni, anoti membrane protein (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) uye enzyme protein (E). Shanduko dzeNeocoronaviruses dzinonyanya kukonzerwa nekukanganisa mukudzokororwa kwehutachiona kana kuisa exogenous majini, zvichitungamira kune shanduko muhutachiona hwemajini kutevedzana, izvo zvinokanganisa kutapurirana kwehutachiona, pathogenicity uye kugona kupukunyuka kwekudzivirira. Neocoronaviruses inobatwa zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwemishonga inodzivirira hutachiona seridecivir uye lopinavir/ritonavir, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, zviratidzo zvinotsigira kurapa uye kurapwa kwematambudziko kunodiwa zvakare.
Nzira huru dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvekufema ndeidzi:
Vaccination. Majekiseni ndiyo nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira uye inogona kukurudzira muviri kuti ugadzire hutachiona hwehutachiona. Parizvino, China ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvekufema, zvakadai sefuruwenza, jekiseni itsva yekorona, chirwere chepneumococcal, chirwere chepertussis, etc. Zvirwere, vana nevamwe vanhu vakakosha.
Ramba uine tsika dzakanaka dzoutsanana. Zvirwere zvekufema zvinopararira zvakanyanya nemadonhwe uye kubata, saka zvakakosha kuti udzikise kupararira kwehutachiona nekugeza maoko ako nguva nenguva, kuvhara muromo nemhino nematishu kana gokora kana uchikosora kana kuhotsira, kwete kupfira, uye kusagovana midziyo.
Dzivisa nzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana uye dzisina mweya wekufema zvakanaka. Nzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana uye dzisina mhepo inopinza mhepo zvakanaka inzvimbo dzine njodzi huru yezvirwere zvekufema uye dzinowanzoita hutachiona hwehutachiona. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kudzikisira kushanya kunzvimbo idzi, uye kana uchifanira kuenda, pfeka mask uye chengetedza imwe nzvimbo yekushamwaridzana kuti udzivise kushamwaridzana nevamwe.
Wedzera kuramba kwemuviri. Kupokana kwemuviri ndiyo mutsara wekutanga wedziviriro kubva kuhutachiona. Zvakakosha kuvandudza kudzivirira kwemuviri uye kuderedza njodzi yehutachiona kuburikidza nekudya kune musoro, kurovedza muviri zvine mwero, kurara kwakakwana, uye chimiro chendangariro chakanaka.
Chenjerera kuti udziye. Kupisa kwechando kwakaderera, uye kutonhora kunokurudzira kunogona kutungamirira mukuderera kwekushanda kwekudzivirira kwekufema mucosa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti zvirwere zvipinde. Naizvozvo, chenjerera kuti ugare uchidziya, pfeka zvipfeko zvakakodzera, kudzivirira kutonhora nefuruu, kugadzirisa panguva yakakodzera tembiricha yemukati uye mwando, uye kuchengetedza mhepo yemukati.
Tsvaka kurapwa nenguva. Kana zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvekufema zvakaita sefivha, kukosora, kurwadziwa kwehuro uye kutadza kufema zvikaitika, unofanirwa kuenda kuchipatara chenguva dzose nenguva, kuongorora uye kubata chirwere ichi maererano nemirairo yachiremba, uye usatore mushonga wega kana kunonoka kutsvaga kurapwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, iwe unofanirwa kuzivisa chiremba wako nezve epidemiological uye exposure nhoroondo yako, uye shandira pamwe naye mukuferefeta epidemiological uye epidemiological dispositions kudzivirira kupararira kwechirwere.
Nzira huru dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvekufema ndeidzi:
Vaccination. Majekiseni ndiyo nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira uye inogona kukurudzira muviri kuti ugadzire hutachiona hwehutachiona. Parizvino, China ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvekufema, zvakadai sefuruwenza, jekiseni itsva yekorona, chirwere chepneumococcal, chirwere chepertussis, etc. Zvirwere, vana nevamwe vanhu vakakosha.
Ramba uine tsika dzakanaka dzoutsanana. Zvirwere zvekufema zvinopararira zvakanyanya nemadonhwe uye kubata, saka zvakakosha kuti udzikise kupararira kwehutachiona nekugeza maoko ako nguva nenguva, kuvhara muromo nemhino nematishu kana gokora kana uchikosora kana kuhotsira, kwete kupfira, uye kusagovana midziyo.
Dzivisa nzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana uye dzisina mweya wekufema zvakanaka. Nzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana uye dzisina mhepo inopinza mhepo zvakanaka inzvimbo dzine njodzi huru yezvirwere zvekufema uye dzinowanzoita hutachiona hwehutachiona. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kudzikisira kushanya kunzvimbo idzi, uye kana uchifanira kuenda, pfeka mask uye chengetedza imwe nzvimbo yekushamwaridzana kuti udzivise kushamwaridzana nevamwe.
Wedzera kuramba kwemuviri. Kupokana kwemuviri ndiyo mutsara wekutanga wedziviriro kubva kuhutachiona. Zvakakosha kuvandudza kudzivirira kwemuviri uye kuderedza njodzi yehutachiona kuburikidza nekudya kune musoro, kurovedza muviri zvine mwero, kurara kwakakwana, uye chimiro chendangariro chakanaka.
Chenjerera kuti udziye. Kupisa kwechando kwakaderera, uye kutonhora kunokurudzira kunogona kutungamirira mukuderera kwekushanda kwekudzivirira kwekufema mucosa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti zvirwere zvipinde. Naizvozvo, chenjerera kuti ugare uchidziya, pfeka zvipfeko zvakakodzera, kudzivirira kutonhora nefuruu, kugadzirisa panguva yakakodzera tembiricha yemukati uye mwando, uye kuchengetedza mhepo yemukati.
Tsvaka kurapwa nenguva. Kana zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvekufema zvakaita sefivha, kukosora, kurwadziwa kwehuro uye kutadza kufema zvikaitika, unofanirwa kuenda kuchipatara chenguva dzose nenguva, kuongorora uye kubata chirwere ichi maererano nemirairo yachiremba, uye usatore mushonga wega kana kunonoka kutsvaga kurapwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, iwe unofanirwa kuzivisa chiremba wako nezve epidemiological uye exposure nhoroondo yako, uye shandira pamwe naye mukuferefeta epidemiological uye epidemiological dispositions kudzivirira kupararira kwechirwere.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-15-2023
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